The first man on the earth

                          The first man on the earth

According to the Hindu religion the first man on the earth was Manu and the first women on the earth was sharda.

Who was Manu ?

The Manu was the first man on the earth according to the Hinduism. The Manu was the son of brahma dev the god of creation. The brahma dev created Manu to produce the human and to make them the intelligent animal on the earth. The first women sharda was the wife of manu and they both give birth to so many children among all their children the dakhs was the most intelligent among the all children. After all by the ability of the dakhs he becom the prajapati of the human kingdom. Dakhs had the rights to make the rules and decision in human kingdom and to punish the peoples who were breaking his rule and his order.

There were  so many story how human get skilled and how they develop them self as the most intelligent animal on the earth.

This was the story of the first man of the earth according to the Hinduism.

mutation theory

                                   Mutation Theory

Hugo de vries, dutch botanist, one of the independent re discoverer of mendelism, put forward this theory in 1901.

Acoording  to him, new species are not  formed by continuous variation but by sudden appearance of variations(mutations).

Hugo de vries  started that mutations are heritable and persist successive generation.

He conducted experiment on oenothera lamarckiana, (evening primrose)  and founded  several aberrant types.

When this plan was self-pollinated and its seeds were allowed to grow, majority of offspring were similar to the parents, but  a few were different.

The different plant were also pollinated and when their seeds were sown, the  majority of the plants were similar to the parents while a few were still more different.[more variety]

He suggested that new types of inherited characteristics may appear  suddenly without any previous indication of their presence in the race.

 Main points of mutation theory

Mutation or discontinuous variation are the raw material of evolution.

Mutation appear all of a sudden and become operational immediately .

Unlike Darwin continuous variation, mutation do not revolve around the mean or normal character of the species.

The same type of mutation can appear in a number of individuals of the species.

All mutation are heritable.

Useful mutation are selected by nature. Lethal mutation are eliminated. However, useless and less harmful ones can persist in the progeny.

 Evidences in favor of   mutation theory

Mutation are the source of all variation and hence fountain head of evolution.

Mutation theory can explain both progressive and retrogressive evolution.

As the ratio of mutations is not the same in all individuals and their parts, mutation theory can explain the occurrence of both changed and unchanged forms.

darwinism

                                            Darwinism 

Charles Robert Darwin was born Inshewsbury,England(1809-1882).

Robert grant taught him zoology and Henslow taught him botany.

Darwin use to spent most of  time with henslow, so people call him man who walks with henslow.

H.m.s. beagle

Henslow arrange a trip for him in ship "h.m.s. beagle" as an unpaid naturalist(her majesty's ship)

The journey was intially planed for two years between lasted for 5 years.

Ship started from playmouth(england) in december, 1831 and returened back in october 1836.

During his journey, darwin explored the flora and fauna of many countries  and island eucador ,chili,peru,argentina and galapagous island.

Galapagos island 

These are volcanic islands located nearly 960km away from the west coast of south america in pacific ocean.

These are guano island.

Darwin reached here in 1835 and spent more than a month here.

Darwin   called galapagus island as "living laboratory of evolution"

Darwin absored many unusual animals here,like

1.giant tortoises

2.giant lguanas(lizard) marine as well as terrestrial 

3.finches

Finches

Darwin was very much impressed by the variety of finches(14 species).

13 species found in galapagus island.

1 species on cocos island.

There were insectivorous tree finches,insectivorous ground finches,vegetarian tree finches, seed eating finches,cactus eating finches.

      

Finches originally belong to same ancestral stock which migrate from south america main island to Galapagus  island.

From original seed eating variety, finches with altered from of beak evolved(like insectivorous tree finches,vegetarian tree finches  etc).

Finches provide an e.g. for adaptive radiation or divergent evolution.

In galapagus islands,finches got abundant food for feeding,space and partners for mating and competition free environment.

Finches provide an evidence for origin of species by mean of geographical isolation.